Infrared radiation detection system



1958 w. J. BRACKMANN 2,848,626

INFRARED RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM Filed Sept. 2, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 E INVENTOR.

WILL/HM J BRflCKMHN/V 9 1958 W. J. BRACKMANN 2,84%,526

INFRARED RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM Filed Sept. 2, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V ENTOR. WILL/QM IBEHCKMflA/N H TTO/Q/VEY A. 19, 1958 w. J. BRACKMANN 2,848,626

INFRARED RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM '3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 2, 1955 INVENTOR.

v, N E N M M m m T M m m J M M L M W D RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEM William J. Brackmann, Tarrytown, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignments, to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application September 2, 1955, Serial No. 532,205

11 Claims. (Cl. 250--83.3)

My invention relates to an infrared radiation-detection system and more particularly to a system for determining the spectral distribution of infrared radiation.

Detectors are provided in the prior art for determining the amount of infrared radiation emanating from a target toward which the detector is directed. These detectors sense and integrate the total amount of energy in the frequency band to which they are responsive and present the result as some form of amplitude display. They are incapable of differentiating between a change in temperature, which would result in a change in the amount of energy radiated in a particular portion of the infrared spectrum, and a change in emissivity of the target, which would result in a change in total radiation distributed throughout the infrared spectrum. That is, they cannot, for example, determine whether increased radiation is the result of improved emissivity or whether such an over-all increase in radiation is owing to a proportionally greater increase in radiation in one portion of the infrared spectrum.

I have invented an infrared radiation detection system a by means of which the absolute temperatures of all objects in a given target area may be determined. My system is capable of distinguishing between a change in temperature and a change in emissivity of the target. My infrared radiation detection system may be employed in a scan system for producing a series of chromatically separated images of objects in the area scanned. When so employed the system essentially produces a frequency conversion from the infrared spectrum to the visible spectrum. My system may be employed as a navigational aid or to track any selected target. It provides a conveniently simple means for distinguishing between targets and identifying targets accurately.

One object of my invention is to provide an infrared radiation detection system for determining the spectral distribution of infrared radiation.

Another object of my invention is to provide an infrared radiation detection system which is capable of distinguishing between a change in temperature of a target object and a change in emissivity of the target.

A further object of my invention is to provide an infrared radiation detection system for producing a series of chromatically separated images of the objects in a scanned area.

A still further object of my invention is to provide an infrared radiation detection system by means of which the absolute temperatures of all objects in a given target area may be determined.

Yet another object of my invention is to provide an infrared radiation detection system for producing a frequency conversion from the infrared spectrum to the vis ible spectrum.

Other and further objects of my invention will appear from the following description.

In general my invention contemplates the provision of an infrared radiation detection system including means atent The radiation in each band is directed by the dispersion means to one of a number of respective detectors. The detectors integrate the total energy content in the respective bands to produce outputs which energize suitable indicating means. The indicating means indicate the respective energy contents in the various frequency bands.

1 Conveniently, three detectors corresponding to the three primary colors of the visible spectrum may be employed. The detectors may energize means, such as a color cathode-ray tube, to produce a series of chromatically separated images representing objects in the target area. Suitable scanning means drives the radiation collecting means over the target area. In my system temperature of a particular target body is indicated by the color of the image produced, while emissivity is represented by the brightness of the color.

In the accompanying drawings which form part of the instant specification and which are to be read in conjunction therewith and in which like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts in the various views:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a portion of my infrared radiation detection system showing the arrangement of the collecting means, the dispersion means, and the detectors of the system.

Figure 2 is a schematic View of one embodiment of the indicating means which may be employed in my infrared radiation detection system.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the drive means and electrical control circuit of one form of scanning means which may be employed in my radiation detection system.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of an alternate form of my radiation detection system.

More particularly referring now to the drawings, my radiation detection system includes radiation collecting means, indicated generally by the reference character 10. This means includes a concave parabolic reflector 12, the interior surface 14 of which is silvered to direct incident radiation toward the focal point 16 of the reflector. The collecting means 10 also includes a convex parabolic reflector 18, the silvered surface 20 of which is disposed symmetrically about the optical axis of the reflector 12.

Reflector 12 is formed with a neck 22 adjacent the center thereof through which collected radiation is directed by the reflector 18. The interior surface 24 of the neck 22 is blackened by any suitable means to confine the beam to the aperture provided by neck 22. The collecting means 10 is directed toward the desired target and parallel rays 26 of infrared radiation emanating from the target and striking the surface 14 are directed by reflector 12 toward its focal point 16. These rays 26 strike the surface 20 of reflector 18 which is disposed between surface 14 and focal point 16. The arrangement is such that rays directed by surface 14 toward focal point 16 are reflected by surface 24) through neck 22 of the reflector 12 to form the collected beam of infrared radiation, indicated generally by the reference character 28. It is to be noted that neck 22 is sutfic'iently long to restrict beam 23 to a narrow field.

In order to break up the beam 28 into a number of frequency bands, I dispose a dispersion prism 30 in the path of the beam 28. The prism 30 may be formed of any infrared dispersion medium such as calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, or rock salt. Calcium fluoride and lithium fluoride are better dispersing media than rock salt. Preferably I use calcium fluoride since lithium fluoride, while a superior dispersing medium, is hygroscopic and must be protected against moisture. As the Patented Aug. 19, 1958 the total amount of energy in beam 36.

beam..28.passes throughthe dispersingprism 30,.its component frequencies are differentially refracted to provide a number of separate beams as the split beam 28 leaves the-prism; As is' knownlxinitlre art,iliigher'frequency wavesrare'. refracted. to ai greater degree than are waves of at lower frequency. Conveniently, I orient the prism 30 to. produce: three" generaLfre'quency bands of radiation leaving it. The radiationizin' the band of'frequencies which isirefractedleast by thehprism30 is indicated generally'by'the. reference character 32; the radiation in the next bandi'of'. frequencies is. indicated generally by the reference: character 34;.and theradiat-ion in the band of frequencies. which is refractedthe mostby prism 30 islindicatediv generally. bythe. reference character 36. It isrt'osbe understood that the radiation leaving the prism 301'mayJbe sp1itinto any desired number of different frequency bands. Fori purposes of -.convenience and in order to. provide. acolorrrepresentation whichis directly indicative ofv the temperature of the target, I split the beamr28z=intorthree beams corresponding to three frequency bands; I make each of these frequency bands in, the:infrared..spectrum correspond with .similar: frequency bands in the visible. spectrum; Beam- 32, which includes radiation at the lower frequencies in therinfrared spectrum, is made to correspond'withthe -color red, whichi-isdow frequency radiation in the visible spectrum. Similarly; beam :24, which includes radiation at the intermediate frequencies-in'the infrared spectrum, is'made to correspond with the color green,: which is intermediate frequency radiation in'the visible spectrum." Beam 36,

which includes radiation at thehigher frequencies'in the infrared spectrum, is'made to correspond'to the color blue or violet, which-is high frequency radiation in the visible spectrum.

In: order'to obtain :an {indication of the respective energy contents-ofbeams*32, 34,:and 36, I dispose respective-infrared radiation: detectors 38; 40 and-42 in positions-to receive the'beams 32, 34, and 36. The detectors 38, 40, and 42 may be any suitable thermometric detectors,- such, for example, asthermopiles or thermocouples; Alternately, I may employ. photoconductive detectors. Whenbeam 32 impinges on detector 38'; the detector produces an output voltage at its terminals 44 and 46- Which representsjthe totalamount of energy in the beam. Similarly, detector- 40 produces an output voltage at its terminals 48 and 50 which represents the total energy intbeam 34. Detector 42 produces an output voltage at its terminals 52 and 54 which represents My: system produces three output voltage signals representing the respective amounts: of radiation derived from beam 28 in threeportions ofthe infrared frequency spectrum. InLother words, the system results in a determination of the spectral distribution of the infrared radiation in beam.28. Any, suitable indicating means connected'to the terminals ofrthe respective detectors 38, 40 and 42 maybe employed to indicate the energy contents in the respective frequency bands.

I have provided a means for obtaining a visible color indication of thespectral distribution of energy in'beam 28. I connect the respective terminals 44, 48 and-52 to ground I connect the other respective output terminals 46, 50 andi54 to the-input terminals 56, 58-and 60 of input. amplifiers '62, 64 and 66 by conductors 68, 70 and 72. The other terminals of input amplifiers 62, 64 and 40 is connected to the green input channel of tube 86 which includes amplifier 64 and gun 82. The highest frequency detector 42 is connected to amplifier 66 which is in the blue input channel of tube 86.

Tube 86 may be of any appropriate color cathode-ray type known in the art. Itsscfeen 94 is made up of phosphors correspondin'gitdthe three primary colors of the visible spectrum. These phosphors and the electron gun's- 80, 82, and'84=are"so a1i'gned withrespect to one another that gun 8'0 factivat'es the re'd phosphors, gun 82 activates the green phosphors and gun '84 activates the blue' phosphors. The presentation ofthe tube isa'color image of the area toward whichthe collecting means 10 is directed. owing to tHem'aniieiTn which I make the separate beams of radiation formed by prism 30 correspond to the primary colors in the visible spectrum, the

colon of theimage indicates the" temperature of'the object.- If, for example, the color corresponds to high frequency radiation inth visible spectrum, the observed object is at a high temperature an'ddstemi-tting high'frequency radiation inthe infrared spectrum. 8 The 'image of I such an 'object would appear blue'or violet on the screen 94.- A relatively"low temperature objectwould result" in a redlimage' onscreen '94;

The-electrical scanning meansfor tube 86 includes vertical .deflectingplates 96 and 98 connected by respective con'ductors 1'00 "and 102toiinput terminals 104 and 106." Tube 86- also includeshorizontal deflecting-plates 108 '=an'd*110' connected by respective conductors 112 and ll4 to input terminals. 116 and 118;: f Referring: n'ciW'toFigtIre-S; I have provided a scanning system fordrivingzthe collecting means 10, optical system; anddetectors'and for providing scanning potentials for the horizontal and vertical deflecting plates of 'tube'86. The collecting means 10; together with theoptical system and detectors, is carried by a suitable gearbox 120 having respective inpnt shafts 122 and'12'4: Shaft-122 provides horizontal HIOVCIIIfil'It'fOFih system, while shaft 124 provides' verticalmotion forthe system; Conveniently, a difier-ehtgearratio'may beprovided'for shaft 122 and for shaft. 124 to provide different rates of scan forthe horizontal 'andij-vertical'movementof the: system. The drive motor 126 for shaft 122 'incl'udesan output shaft ;28:.carrying a gear 130. Gear 130 drives a second gear 132 mou'nted on shaft 122-for rotation therewith. One

'inputterminal of motor l26-isfconnected by a conductor 7 134 With'one contact 136 of: "a first reversing relay switch,

66 are .connected to ground by conductors 74,=76-and 78. V Amplifierss62,-. 64 and: 66 are connected, respectively,

indicated generallyby the referencecharacter138. Relay switch 138'include's an armature -140-conn'ected by a con ductor 142 with one terminal of a battery 144; A conduct6r146 connects the other input terminal of motor 126-with:the other contact-148"ofrelay switch138; Conductor 146 is connected-bya conductor-150 with a-first contact 1520f asecond-reversingrrel'ay switch, indicated generally by the reference character=l54; A- conductor 1561connects. the armature 158 of relay switch 154 to; a conductor 157 connectedtothe terminalof battery 144 remote. from that to which--conductor142- isconnected. A. conductor-160 connects the other contact'162 of relay switch -154 -toconductor -134;-, I connect the terminal of battery 144 to which conductor 157. is connected to ground" by means ofa conductor When er-matures 14%) and 158-are 'ina -position where they engage the respective contacts ;136'-;and 152,:the circuit-of motor 126 is completed to drive shaft 122 in onedirection. When the-respective armatures-140 and 158'are' in a position .where theyengage contacts 148-and 162, the circuit of and 15810 reverse the directionof rotation of motor126.

I connect one side-of this winding 166 to conductor 157 by atconductor 168.1 The other side of. winding-166..is

connected by a conductor withone .contact of a motor driven reversing switch including a contact arm 182. Arm 182 is mounted on shaft 122 for rotation therewith. A conductor 184 connects arm 182 to a conductor 186 which is connected to the conductor 142. When shaft 122 is driven in a direction to engage arm 182 with contact 180, the circuit of winding 166 is completed to move armatures 140 and 158 from a position where they engage contacts 136 and 152 to a position where r they engage contacts 148 and 162. This reversal in the direction of rotation of motor 126 results in a movement of arm 182 away from contact 180 to interrupt the circuit of winding 166. I provide a holding relay switch, indicated generally by the reference character 188, for maintaining the circuit of winding 166 until the collector reaches the other limit of its horizontal movement. Relay switch 188 includes a contact 190 connected to the side of winding 166 to which conductor 170 is connected. Armature 192 of relay switch 188 is connected by a conductor 194 with a second contact 196 of the motor reversing switch. A conducting arm 198 is normally urged by means such as a spring or the like (not shown) to a position to engage contact 196. A conductor 29%) connects arm 198 to the conductor 186. When the circuit of winding 166 is completed by the engagement of arm 182 with contact 181), armature 192 is moved down to engage contact 190. The circuit of winding 166 is thereby maintained from winding 166 through armature 192, through conductor 194, through arm 198, through conductor 2%, through conductor 186, through conductor 142, through battery 144, and through conductors 157 and 168 back to winding 166. Relay switch 188 maintains the circuit of winding 166 during the movement of arm 182 away from contact 180 and toward arm 198. Arm 198 carries a block 199 of insulating material which is positioned to be engaged by arm182 when the limit of motion of collector 10 in one direction is reached. When arm 182 engages block 199, it moves arm 1918 away from contact 196 to interrupt the holding circuit.

of winding 166. When the circuit of winding 166 is so interrupted, all the armatures 148, 158 and 192 return to the up position. The circuit of motor 166 is again established in a direction to drive arm 182 back toward contact 180.

Shaft 122 also drives the means for supplying potential to the horizontal deflecting plates 108 and 110 of tube 86. Shaft 122 carries for rotation therewith an arm 202. I mount brushes 284 and 206 on the respective ends of arm 282. Brushes 204 and 206 engage respective resistors 288 and 210. One end of each of the resistors 208 and 210 is connected to conductor 186. A conductor 212 connects the other ends of resistors 208 and 210 to a conductor 214. A conductor 216 connects conductor 214 with one terminal of a battery 218 associated with the vertical scan system. The other terminal of battery 218 is connected to ground by conductor 164. It will be understood that resistors 208 and 210 are connected by conductors 186 and 212 across both batteries 144 and 218. As shaft 122 rotates, the potential at one of the brushes 284 or 286 will increase while the potential at the other brush 266 or 284 decreases. I connect the respective brushes 284 and 286 to terminals 116 and 118 by respective conductors 220 and 222. This system provides a horizontal deflecting potential between plates 108 and 118 to direct the electron beams from guns 80, 82 and 84 back and forth across the screen 94 of tube 86. Since the means for providing the horizontal deflection potential and the collector 16 are driven from the same shaft, the movement of the electron beams across screen 94 is synchronized with the movement of the collector 10 in scanning.

The vertical scan drive motor 224 has a shaft 226 which carries a gear 228 for rotation therewith. Gear 228 drives a gear 231 mounted on shaft 124 for rotation therewith. I connect one terminal of motor 224 by a conductor 236 to a first contact 232 of a reversing switch, indicated generally by the reference character 234. The armature 238 of relay switch 234 is connected to conductor 216. A conductor 240 connects the other terminal of motor 224 with a contact 242 of switch 234. A conductor 244 connects conductor 240 with a first contact 246 of a second reversing switch, indicated generally by the reference character 248. The armature 250 of relay switch 248 is connected by a conductor 252 with conductor 168, which is connected by conductor 157 to the terminal of battery 218 other than that to which conductor 216 is connected. it will be seen that when armatures 250 and 238 are in the positions shown, the circuit of motor 224 is completed to drive shaft 124.

I connect the other contact 254 of relay switch 248 to conductor 236 by a conductor 256. When armatures 250 and 238 are moved to the up position where they engage respective contacts 254 and 242, the direction ofdrive of motor 224 reverses. I provide a relay winding 258 adapted to be energized to move armatures 250 and 238 from the normal positions where they engage contacts 246 and 232 to positions where they engage contacts 254 and 242. Conductor 168 connects one side of winding 258 to conductor 157 which is connected to the grounded terminal of battery 218. A conductor 260 connects the other side of winding 258 to a contact 262 of a reversing switch including an arm 264. Arm 264 is carried by shaft 124 for rotation therewith and is electrically connected by a conductor 266 to conductor 214. When armatures 258 and 238 engage the respective contacts 246 and 232, motor 224 drives shaft 124 in a direction to engage arm 264 with contact 262. When arm 264 engages contact 262, the circuit of winding 258 is complete and armatures 250 and 238 are moved to engage the respective contacts 254 and 242 and thereby reverse the direction of rotation of motor 224. When motor 224 reverses, arm 264 moves away from contact 262 to interrupt the circuit of Winding 258.

In order to maintain the circuit of winding 258 during the movement of arm 264 away from contact 262, I connect one side of winding 258 to a contact 268 of a holding relay switch, indicated generally by the reference character 270. A conductor 272 connects the armature 274 of relay switch 270 to a conducting arm 276 of the reversing switch of motor 224. Suitable means such as a spring (not shown) normally retains arm 276 in engagement with a contact 278 connected by a conductor 280 with conductor 214. When arm 264 engages contact 262 to complete the circuit of winding 258, armature 274 is moved to a position to engage the contact 268. This engagement of armature 274 with contact 268 maintains the circuit of winding 258 from the winding, through armature 274, through conductor 272, through arm 276, through conductor 288, through conductor 214, through conductor 216, through battery 218, and through condoctors 157 and 168 back to the winding 258.

When collector 10 reaches the limit of its movement in the direction of movement of arm 264 toward arm 276, the arm 264 engages an insulated block 282, carried by arm 276, to move the arm away from contact 278. Movement of arm 276 out of engagement with contact 278 breaks the holding circuit of winding 258 and permits armatures 238, 250 and 274 to assume their normal positrons which are the down positions as shown in Figure 3. This action re-establishes the circuit of motor 224 to drive arm 264 back toward contact 262.

The vertical deflection potential system includes a pair of potentiometer resistors 284 and 286 with which brushes 288 and 290 are associated. Brushes 288 and 290 are carried on the respective ends of an arm 292 mounted on shaft 124 for rotation therewith. One end of each of the resistors 284 and 286 is connected to conductor 214. A conductor 294 connects the other ends of the resistors 284 and 286 to conductor 186. It will be seen that resistors 284 and 286 are connected in parallel across both batteries 144 and 218. As shaft 124 rotates in one directionjor the-otherythe potential atone ofthe brushes 8s? o1 2 90- incre,ases while the potential at the other 'brush290jor "2'88':decreasesr I connect respective brushes 288 and 290 to terminals 106 and 104 by conductors 29mm 298" to provide a vertical'ideflecting potential -forjthe'-electron-- beams from "guns- 80,; 82 and 843 It 'willbe appreciatedthat since: the 'vertical "deflecting potential" means is driven from the; shaft which supplies the verticalscanmotion-for% the'collector '10, both the'scan motion and-the de'flec'ting; potential are synchronizedwith each other:

Referring now to Figure-4, thealternate form of optical system of my infrared radiationdetection system includes a primary mirror 300, the reflecting surface-302*of-"whichmay be formed-*by, any suitablemeans such as a gold coatingorthe'like; Mirror 300- directs-"rays 304 of radiation toward, a secondary mirror or reflector 306, the reflecting surface w of whichis formed by-means-suchas-a gold coati'ng or thelike. Reflector'306 convergesthe'days of radiation and directs-the'mihroughanaperture; 310-inrefiectop'300l The-raysreflected fr m inirror;3 06= converge and pass througlran aperture"31-2formed byfa beam confining member 3145 After passingthrough apcr ture 312;the rays diverge and 'pass through a lens 3l'6' formed" of a suitable infraredradiation transmitting material Lens 316-may; for -example, be made-of calcium;

fluoride; rock salt,- potassium bromide, potassium chloride;

or lithium-fiuoride. Lens 316 directs rays; 304 substan-- tially parallel with each other -toward a dispersing prism 318 formed ofa material such aslithium-fiuoride; calcium fluoride, or rock salt" Prism 318*disperses; rays 304 according-to frequencyinthe manner in which-prismfio'i'n the emb odiment shown in Figure dispersedtherays,of' beam 20; A secondlens 320 formed of'an infraredradiation transmitting material directs the dispersed-rays-toward detectors 522 324; and326 which aresimilar to detectors 38; I '40, and 42; The output signals from-these detectors arefed toamplifiers 62, 64, and 66. t The scanning system'- sh0Wnin Figure 3 orany other suitable scanning system may be employed to drive the optical system shownin Figure 4; i I

Inoperation, the collector 100i mysystern is driven by the described scan system past the target areasjtobe; scanned; Parallel rays 26 of infrared radiation emanating'from the area-scanned are'directed by the'surface 14 toward the focal point 16 of the reflector 12; These rays are intercepted by the surface 20 of reflector18"and are redirected paralleltoeach-other throughtheneckzl of reflector 12-towardthe dispersing prism 30;. As the co]lected-beam:28 passes through the'prism' 30, its component frequenciesarerefracted inhvarying degrees to produce three beams 32, 34; and,36 corresponding to three frequency-bands; The band,32 which contains the lowestgfrequencies; which are refractedj the; least, is di{ rected toward the detector .38 whichcorresponds to. the color red in the visible spectrum. The respective beams 34and 36ja're directed toward detectors 40 and 42 which correspond; respectively, to the primary colors green and blueiof the visible spectrum. The outputs from the respective detectors 38, 40, and 42' are amplified by amplifiers 62, 64, and 66 and are fed to.the respective electron guns 80, 82; and 84 of tube/86. GunsStlkSZ, and 84.acti,vate the respective red, green, andblue phos: pho'rs on the screen. 9450f tube 86., The resultant'p resentation on the screen 84" isa series of chromatically separated images representative of the target, area being scanned by thecollector 10. The color of apa licular image, indicates the absolute temperature of the, object corresponding to the image. The. brightness of color indicates the relative emissivity of, the object. For'example, if the target object is relatively cool, most of the incident-radiation will-be in the band of frequencies covered by beam 32. Consequently, theobject appears red on screen 94. If the object has good emissive'properties, the red will be bright; If the object is a poor emitter,"the image will be-red.but will be -relatively- :less

8 brighte If r'adia'tion -ffom a hot object'is being-received th'e image--on screen 94 will 'be predominantly :blue'orviolets The brig'htness -of -the viOIet ima'ge is determined:

by the emissive propertiesjof the objecty In essence, my

' ticularobject wouldbedetermined by-the-magnitud of:

the readings onthe respective meters? It is to be-unde'r: stood also thatthescanning system .I provide may,-ifdesired,- be replaced by anyother-appropriate scanningf system.

It wil1,be seen that I have accomplished the objects of'myrinvention. I'have provided aninfrared radiation detection system which'determines'jhe spectraldistribution of infrared radiation, My system is capable of" distinguishing between-highertemperature of the object and increased emissivity-,of'the object. My system pro-.

duces a series ofchrohratically separated images, the

colors of which indicate the absolute temperatures -of the; scanned objects and the brightness of colors of which indicate therelative emissivities of the objects. My sys-' tem findsapplicationas;a'navigationalaid and inptrack ing targets, theirjidentification and the like.

Itjwill be understoodgthat certain features and sub combinations are of utility and may be employed;with-' outreference to :otherfeatures and subcombinations; This; is 'contemplatedby and is within thescope of my claims. Itis further, obvious that 'variouschanges may be made"in"details within the scope of my claims without departing from the'spiritof my invention; It is therefore'togbejunderstoodthat my invention is'not to be limited to the. specificj detailsshown and described.

Having'thus described-my invention whatI claim is:

l. A system for detecting infrared radiation emanating from a targeharea including incombination means for collecting; saidinfrared radiation, dispersion means disposedin the pathof saidicollected radiationfor splitting it into a number of separate beamscorresponding respectively to a number oftrequency hands, a pluralityof deg tectors disposed in the respective paths of the; separate beams for substantiallysimultaneously receiving radia tion from the respective beams, each of. said detectorsv apted. o p odu routput s gna p t tiv fthe total energy content of one,of said separate beams, india i g meansrespo iv t said tputj gnal d e ns. for impressing saidioutput vsignals onfsaid indicating means.

2; Ar yfieml o t ct na nf a d i onra incl m 1 in lu ng e a n g drive ys em,

3.j A systemfor detectinginfrared radiation as in claim 1 inwhich saidfindicating' means is a color cathode-ray tube.

4. A system for, detecting infrared radiation as in claiml inwhichsaidind cating means is a color cathode: ray tube havingthreeelectron guns corresponding respectively;tethewolorsred and green and blue of the visible spectrum,-,-said dispersion means being arranged tosplitsaid vinfrared radiation into three separate beams, corresponding respectivelyto-alow and an intermediate and-fa high frequency band the arrangernent being such that the respective output signals produced by the detectors qwhi'ch receive: the separate beams corresponding. to the: low.- and: the intermediate and the high frequencybands areimpressedgon the respectivezelectron guns which correspond:.to the colors rednand green. andiblumof ithe visible spectrumiwh'erebyisaid cathode raytube produces chromatically separated images of the objects in said target area.

5. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said indicating means includes means for producing a series of color images of the objects in said target area, the color of an image being indicative of the temperature of the corresponding object and the brightness of the color being indicative of the emissivity of the object.

6. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said collecting means includes a first reflector having a reflecting surface and a focal point toward which radiation impinging on said surface is directed and a second reflector having a reflecting surface disposed between said first reflector surface and said first reflector focal point.

7. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said collecting means includes a first reflector having a reflecting surface and a focal point toward which radiation impinging on said surface is directed and a second reflector having a reflecting surface disposed between said first reflector surface and said first reflector focal point for directing radiation reflected from said first reflector surface in a collected beam, and a neck having a blackened interior surface formed on said first reflector, said collected beam being directed by said second reflector through said neck.

8. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said dispersion means is a prism.

9. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said dispersion means is a prism formed of rock salt.

10. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 in which said dispersion means is a prism formed of calcium fluoride.

11. A system for detecting infrared radiation as in claim 1 including a first lens disposed between said collecting means and said dispersion means and a second lens disposed between said dispersion means and said detectors.

Ulrey Mar. 12, 1940 Walsh Sept. 22, 1953 

